Mechanical loading inhibits bone resorption: osteocytes are the sensors
Bone adjusts its structure to become better suited to withstand the mechanical demands it experiences. Physical loading and routine activities have been shown to inhibit bone resorption. However, the cellular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains largely unknown. The focus of a recent study [1] was to determine the mechanisms by which osteocytes might transduce and regulate bone resorption, and the antiresorptive effects of loading.
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Femoral neck BMD is a strong predictor of hip fracture susceptibility in elderly men and women
Despite the sexual dimorphism of bone, hip fracture risk is very similar in men and women at the same absolute bone mineral density (BMD). A recent study was conducted with the objective of elucidating the main structural properties of bone that underlie the measured BMD and that ultimately determine the risk of hip fracture in elderly men and women [1]. This study is part of the Rotterdam Study (a large prospective population-based cohort) and included 147 incident hip fracture cases in 4806 participants with DXA-derived hip structural analysis (mean follow-up, 8.6 y).
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Disruption of calcineurin in osteoblasts increases bone formation and reduces bone resorption
Calcineurin is a protein phosphatase that regulates several physiological processes and is the target for cyclosporine A. Pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin by low concentrations of cyclosporin A increases osteoblast differentiation in vitro and bone mass in vivo. To determine whether calcineurin exerts direct actions on osteoblasts, the authors of a recent study [1] generated mice lacking a calcineurin regulatory subunit selectively in osteoblasts.
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Calcifications in the abdominal aorta predict fractures in men: MINOS Study
Cardiovascular disease and osteoporotic fractures are two major public health problems. Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis coexist in women: progression of aortic calcifications has been associated with faster bone loss. Low BMD has been shown to predict cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality, whereas the association between the extension of aortic calcifications and hip fracture risk is controversial. In contrast to these findings in women, few studies concern the relationship between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in men.
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Cardiovascular diseases and future risk of hip fracture in women
Some studies have reported associations between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and bone mineral loss. Osteoclast regulatory factors can affect vascular calcifications, and a high blood pressure can induce abnormalities in calcium metabolism and increase bone mineral loss in women. Low bone mineral density is not only an important predictor of osteoporotic fracture, but is also a risk factor for mortality.
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 Download here the slide set presented by Prof. Friedlander, on Thursday, November 10th. |
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